Meconium aspiration syndrome mas is a common cause of severe respiratory distress in term infants, with an associated highly variable morbidity and mortality. Further treatment is necessary if there is thick meconium staining and fetal distress. Meconium aspiration syndrome occurs in approximately 2% of these deliveries 1. Treatment may include suctioning the newborns mouth as soon as the head emerges during delivery, deep suctioning of the. It can cause obstruction of the airways with a plugs of meconium. Historically, approximately 10% of newborns born through meconium stained amniotic fluid developed meconium aspiration syndrome mas. Department of neonatology, lady hardinge medical college and kalawati saran. Up to 30 percent of kids who develop meconium aspiration pneumonias need to go on mechanical ventilators. Because meconium is rarely found in the amniotic fluid prior to 34 weeks gestation, mas is often a disease of the term and nearterm infant and is. Systembased strategy for the management of meconium aspiration.
It may further lead to chemical irritation in the lung tissue, airway obstruction, and inactivation of surfactant. Treatments for meconium aspiration depend on the amount and thickness of the meconium, length of time your baby was exposed to it and the severity of the respiratory problems your baby is experiencing. Meconium aspiration syndrome definition of meconium. Meconium aspiration syndrome mas is the aspiration of stained amniotic fluid, which can occur before, during, or immediately after birth. However, changes in obstetric and neonatal practices appear to be decreasing its incidence.
Meconium aspiration syndrome mas is a consequence of aspiration of meconium occurring before, during, or immediately after delivery and is one of the most common causes of respiratory failure in infants born at term or after term. Advances in the management of meconium aspiration syndrome. Meconium is the early feces stool passed by a newborn soon after birth, before the baby starts to feed and digest milk or formula. How they are treated from there varies considerably depending on the condition of the child. Prevention and management of meconium aspiration syndrome.
Surfactant for meconium aspiration syndrome in term and. This usually happens while he is still in the womb but may happen during or shortly after birth. Meconium aspiration syndrome mas is defined as respiratory distress in newborn infants born through meconium stained amniotic fluid msaf whose symptoms cannot be otherwise explained 1. Meconium aspiration is when a newborn breathes in a mixture of meconium and amniotic fluid. Meconium aspiration syndrome mas is a result of ante or postpartum aspiration of meconiumstained amniotic fluid in term or nearterm infants resulting in respiratory morbidity of varying severity. Ppt meconium aspiration syndrome powerpoint presentation. Release of meconium into the amniotic fluid is usually the result of in utero hypoxia andor fetal distress.
Meconium aspiration syndrome mas is a result of ante or. Mas incidence etiology risk factors pathophysioloy clinical features diagnostic evaluation treatment and management nursing management prevention prognosis complication. Mas results from aspiration of meconium during intrauterine gasping or during the first few breaths. Meconium aspiration syndrome mas develops when the baby aspirates breathes in meconium.
Most babies with mas require nothing more than oxygen therapy and general. Meconium aspiration syndrome mas remains a major cause of respiratorymorbidity and mortality in newborn infants. Meconium aspiration syndrome mas is defined as respiratory distress in newborn infants born through meconium stained amniotic fluid msaf whose symptoms cannot be otherwise explained. Post natal management vigorous newborn if respiratory effort strong, and muscle tone good, and heart rate greater than 100 beats per minute bpm then use bulb syringe or largebore suction catheter to clear mouth and nose video. Meconium aspiration syndrome meconium is a newborns first feces, which is typically passed in the first few days after birth. Meconium aspiration syndrome usually affects babies born at term or postterm 3742 weeks gestation. Mas is characterized by a diffuse parenchymal and airway disease in which meconiuminduced inflammation of the lung is complicated by the mechanical effects of particulate meconium causing. Meconium is the first intestinal discharge from newborns, a viscous, darkgreen substance composed of intestinal epithelial cells, lanugo, mucus, and intestinal secretions eg, bile. See prevention and management of meconium aspiration syndrome. Amnioinfusion is no longer recommended for women with. Meconium aspiration syndrome mas is defined as respiratory distress in newborn infants born through meconiumstained amniotic fluid msaf whose symptoms cannot be otherwise explained 1. Meconium aspiration occurs secondary to intrapartum or intrauterine aspiration of meconium, usually in the setting of fetal distress, often in term or postterm infants. Management accounting software various organizations mas.
In infants with mas leading to moderate to severe respiratory failure, surfactant administration will decrease the number of infants treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation ecmo. Meconium is a dark green fecal material produced in the intestines of a fetus before birth. Intrauterine aspiration under stressful situations the baby ups the respiratory effort and gasps to help compensate bringing in amniotic fluid in the womb. Proceedings of the ross special conference hot topics 97. Risk factors for meconium aspiration and mas meconium aspiration syndrome in neonates born. Signs of meconium aspiration syndrome include tachypnea, nasal flaring, retractions, cyanosis or desaturation, rales, rhonchi, and greenish yellow staining of the umbilical cord, nail beds, or skin. Meconium aspiration syndrome mas is a serious, lifethreatening respiratory disorder of the newborn that occurs in approximately 2% to 5% of infants born through meconium stained amniotic fluid msaf. This study was designed and conducted with the aim of determining the mortality rate and risk factors affecting this rate in newborn infants with meconium aspiration syndrome. Meconium aspiration syndrome mas refers to breathing problems that a newborn baby may have when. Meconium aspiration syndrome what you need to know. If your doctor thinks your baby may have inhaled meconium, a special care team should be present during delivery. The severity of mas will depend on how much meconium the baby has inhaled. Meconium aspiration syndrome remains a significant problem in the nicu.
Smartdraw includes s of professional healthcare and anatomy chart templates that you can modify and make your own. Meconium aspiration syndrome genetic and rare diseases. Meconium aspiration syndrome pediatrics merck manuals. Meconium aspiration syndrome childrens health issues merck. Sentinel events program victorian health incident management system. If after the baby is born, hes active and crying, no treatment is necessary. Definition meconium aspiration syndrome mas is a respiratory distress of an infant born through meconium stained amniotic. Merconium aspiration syndrome definition of merconium. Before birth, the fetal monitor may show a slow heart rate. Meconium aspiration syndrome mas is defined as respiratory distress in the newborn due to the presence of meconium in the trachea. Meconium aspiration is first treated by trying to remove as much of the meconium as possible. At birth, meconium can be seen in the amniotic fluid. Meconium is the first intestinal discharge from newborns, a viscous, darkgreen substance composed of intestinal epithelial. Supportive management, along with newer therapies such as surfactant.
Mas is characterized by a diffuse parenchymal and airway disease in which meconium induced inflammation of the lung is complicated by the mechanical effects of particulate meconium causing. Meconium aspiration syndrome mas is an important cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Care of the infant with the meconium aspiration syndrome. Meconium aspiration syndrome mas is a common cause of severe respiratory distress. A fetal monitor can detect if your baby is experiencing stress. Meconium aspiration and its treatment health hearty.
Meconium staining may be visible in the oropharynx and on intubation in the larynx and trachea. Mas can present with varying degrees of severity from mild respiratory distress to lifethreatening respiratory failure. Journal of comprehensive pediatrics an investigation of. Meconium aspiration syndrome mas is defined as respiratory distress in an infant born through meconium stained amniotic fluid msaf with characteristic radiological changes and whose symptoms cannot be otherwise explained. Meconium aspiration syndrome nursing care management. Meconium aspiration health encyclopedia university of. This is due in part toobstruction of the airways and inactivation of pulmonary surfactant bymeconium, which leads to pulmonary atelectasis, and to the development ofchemical pneumonitis. Meconium aspiration syndrome an overview sciencedirect.
Mas may occur if the baby breathes in aspirates this fluid into the lungs. The pathophysiology of mas is multifactorial and includes acute airway obstruction, surfactant dysfunction or inactivation, chemical. Diagnosis of mas is based on the presence of respiratory distress in an infant born. Up to 1015% of live births after 34 weeks can present with meconium. Meconium aspiration syndrome mas mainly affects term and postterm infants. If meconium is passed more than 4 hours before delivery, the infants skin will be meconium stained. Amnioinfusion is no longer recommended for women with meconium staining of the amniotic fluid msaf. Meconium aspiration syndrome mas is a serious, lifethreatening respiratory disorder of the newborn that occurs in approximately 2% to 5% of infants born through meconiumstained amniotic fluid msaf. Delivery room management of the infant where liquor is meconium stained is. Meconium aspiration syndrome johns hopkins medicine. Meconium aspiration syndrome nursing management rnpedia. Meconium aspiration syndrome mas, a common cause of respiratory failure in neonates, is associated with high mortality and morbidity. Meconium aspiration syndrome symptoms, diagnosis and.
United states multicenter randomized controlled trial comparing the safety and efficacy of kl4 surfactant lavage to standard care for treatment of meconium aspiration syndrome. Meconium aspiration syndrome mas is defined as respiratory distress in. Management of meconium aspiration syndrome benjamin j stenson allan d jackson abstract meconium aspiration syndrome mas affects 0. Meconium aspiration syndrome is a serious condition in which a newborn breathes a mixture of meconium and amniotic fluid into the lungs around the time of delivery. Meconium aspiration syndrome mas is an important cause of morbidity and mortality among term newborns. Meconium stained amniotic fluid pea soup help make the diagnosis. Meconium aspiration syndrome moderator dr binod presenter int lalit karki 2. Epidemiology in the united states, a retrospective multicenter study of 162,075 term infants born between 1997 and 2007 reported 1. After delivery, your newborn will pass meconium stools for the first few days of life. Mas can present with varying degrees of severity from mild respiratory distress to. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools.
Meconium can affect the lungs in the following ways it can be an irritation to the lung tissue. It ranges from mild respiratory distress to lifethreatening cardiorespiratory failure. Meconium aspiration syndrome how is meconium aspiration. Effect of steroids on the clinical course and outcome of. Meconium is the babys first stool, or poop, which is sticky, thick, and dark green. Although it doesnt have any bacteria or odor, meconium can cause problems if a baby passes it while still in the uterus, where it will mix with amniotic fluid, and inhales aspirates the mixture before, during, or. This is known as meconium aspiration or meconium aspiration syndrome mas. Surfactant can be given as either a bolus therapy or bronchoalveolar lavage. Meconium aspiration syndrome occurs when a newborn breathes a mixture of. Meconium is sterile and does not contain bacteria, which is the primary. Create healthcare diagrams like this example called meconium aspiration syndrome in minutes with smartdraw. Meconium aspiration syndrome mas is an important cause of respiratory distress in.
One of the serious challenges facing neonatal medicine is meconium aspiration syndrome, delays in the treatment of which can lead to high mortality. This was a double blinded randomized controlled trial and a prospective interventional study over oneyear period in the neonatal unit of the lady hardinge. It occurs exclusively in the immediate neonatal period. Although mas is often not lifethreatening, it can cause significant health complications for your newborn. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the role of steroids in the management of mas. Description meconium is the first intestinal discharge from newborns, a viscous, darkgreen substance composed of intestinal epithelial cells, lanugo, mucus, and intestinal secretions.
This can cause breathing difficulties due to swelling inflammation in the babys lungs after birth. Amniotic fluid is the liquid that surrounds the baby in the womb. As a result, heshe may find it difficult to breathe. The prognosis of infants with meconium aspiration syndrome is dependent on. Pediatric respiratory medicine second edition, 2008. Management of meconium aspiration syndrome sciencedirect. Meconium aspiration is also known as meconium aspiration syndrome.
631 311 1189 1295 1277 330 163 217 348 1016 1453 863 1219 174 527 517 501 287 845 1638 1077 808 1286 1239 1447 297 877 1277 488 1238 540 796 607 1483 344 243 729